Masculinity And Self Determination And Aggression

Masculinity can be described as a set of attitudes, roles or traits related to men. It develops by the social and biological parameters and factors. However, it could be exhibited by males as well as females, depending upon the development of masculine traits in them. The main characteristics of masculinity include bravery, impartiality, freedom, and firmness which depend upon the locality and background of the individual, as well as the community and traditions. An extremism of negative traits of masculinity is disregarded in the society. This concept changes according to the history and traditions of a locality. Usually, the manhood norms include strength, non- emotional behavior, the struggle for attainment of success and status,†¦show more content†¦Moreover, he wants his demonstration to present that the black custom is capable of supporting a guy when he lives away from his ancestor’s, he can prove himself as a responsible masculine person. Wilson set up a history of African Americans by his plays, eventually postulating masculine viewers as the leading inheritor of their history. Through his dramas, Wilson made black Americans familiar with their personae, and their negative image was presented with great positivity in front of the whole world. In the meantime, he remained attached to the typical dramatic formulas of practicality and tragedy and to effort on the way to tenacity often triggered him to write about sex clashes, yet he focused on the cultural tussles as well (Hussein). Analysis In his representations of black men, Wilson showed the performance of males both in the family and in controversy with white civilization as exposed in Dutchman. Manliness is so often conversed or rejected by a woman; this is what made the characters of the play depressed. Such stresses ought to be settled wisely with the help of facades and enactments, for example, that of the cool posture or the Uncle Tome model. Steadily, in all five dramas of Wilson, the chief character is male and the hunt for personality turn out to be sex explicit for him in spite of general character. It can be stated that an act or presentation of a man is the basic thing which can style or rupture the ethics and values of itsShow MoreRelatedGender inequality: Male underachievement1304 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics of male personality than privileges males might have had in the past. Figueroa (2004) suggests that gender socialisation leaves boys deficient in skills needed to survive the educational system. Such skills include time management and self-discipline. Whereas females are socialized to remain inside the home to help out with household chores and care for siblings, boys are usually allowed the freedom to roam ‘the streets’. Having a home-to-school routine with time in between for householdRead More Darkness and the Agents of Chaos in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological turmoil.   Churning with self-doubt about his determination, his ability to connect word and act, and his sexual potency, Macbeth is a man at the mercy of his environment.   The inability to sleep is symbolic of a tormented soul and represents a characters control over their lives.   The imagery of darkness in Act 4 is used to describe the agents of disorder.  Ã‚   Within Macbeth Shakespeare demonstrates imagery and symbolism throu gh Macbeths self-doubt, his inability to connect word andRead MoreThe Myth of Money and Success and That of Gender Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pagesinvolves positive feelings of self-worth and self-contentment, which are valued regardless of people’s payoff and reputation. It is problematic to draw an equal sign between wealth and success. On one hand, wealth does not signify success. 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However, defining and the determination of sexual abuse, alike the other subtopics in violence and social work are ambiguous due to all the different factors that build up the underlying causes; The different factors often includes power differential, knowledge differential and gratificationRead MoreGender Inequality between Males and Females in India1371 Words   |  5 Pagesall societies associate adult roles on the basis of sex and anticipate this allocation in the socialization of children. Not only are boys and girls expected to acquire sex-specific skills, they are also expected to have or to acquire sex-specific self-concepts and personality attributes, to be masculine or feminine as defined by that particular culture (354). Although we are more enlightened in the present moment, there are still many instances where a persons physical sex is supposed to informRead MoreDifferent Perspectives On The Today s Society1982 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"American Makeover Constructing Identity in the Age of Entertainment† they believe that, â€Å"But even in America, identity is never really simply a matter of individual choice. Rather, identity is a dynamic interplay between individual desire and social determination, something at once internal and external† (Maasik Solomon 617). This quote is extremely relevant to my life because when I was in high school, education was not important to me at all. I was not determined to succeed and was rather lazy, thereforeRead MoreExistentialism Fight Club1975 Words   |  8 Pagesresulting in the manifestation of Tyler. Tyler represents everything that the narrator subconsciously wishes to be. He is the personification of the ID itself, representing the narrator’s repressed death instincts (our innate instinct for survival), aggression instincts (instincts for violence), and the libido. Before he meets Tyler, the narrator is defines his existence though furniture he purchases and assembles from IKEA. He attempts to make himself into a being-in-itself, believing his perfect stateRead MoreStereotypes, Stereotyping and Ideals Essay5008 Words   |  21 Pagesto be an â€Å"icon† of femininity (duCille 101)? Girls and women across the country look to Barbie as a beautiful ideal, and strive for a body like hers. As a result, many battle endlessly with dieting, eating disorders, distorted body images, and low self-esteem. In addition to physical standards put forth by Barbie, models, and mannequins, girls and women must also comply with given gender norms. Not only must they achieve an ideal body type, but also ideal femininity. As a result, several points mustRead MoreBodybuilding Research Paper1958 Words   |  8 Pagesand have a sense of belonging to the smaller group within a bigger society of average people: In the bodybuilding society it is considered to be very good to be different from the rest of the average society. It is good to protest, to show your aggression, and to Ray   4    demonstrate dominance by excess strength and musculature. It is in a sense similar to the values of many marginal protesting subcultures trying to get attention of the public by differing from the rest of the people greatlyRead MoreEssay on Young Males, Modern Society, and Drug Use4447 Words   |  18 Pagescertain forms of masculinity has not been analyzed. [For drug-related behavior and harm (p. 412). Broom (1995, p. 414) goes on to say Androcentrism, and the related neglect of gender, entails hazards to men as well as to women. For example, it has retarded recognition of the ways in which masculinity contributes to heart disease and cancer risk factors. Smoking was for several decades mainly a male activity: indeed, it was a means of confirming and displaying certain forms of masculinity. Traditionally

How Are Women Treated As Unequals For Men - 1277 Words

Ashley Ho Ms. King English 1A P6 17 September 2015 How Are Women Treated as Unequals to Men? â€Å"You throw like a girl.† â€Å"You run like a girl.† â€Å"You look like a girl.† It’s common sense that these phrases are not at all compliments but rather gender-based insults. Since when did the physical capacities of a young girl stacked up against a boy turn into an insult and a limitation? Is being a female individual something derogatory, something to be shameful about? Young girls are taught to be weak, fragile and soft-spoken while it’s openly accepted and even encouraged for boys to have hard opinions, to be strong and tough and exert power. They’re constantly put into a place of doubt by the media, parents and their social community. As longs as humans have existed, women have been oppressed. Men were generally seen as the breadwinner, the man in the relationship, the man of the house. This theory, or belief further lead to what was known as the retro-era. The retro-era, around the 1950’s, was the epitome of gender-based stereotypes, where women were only valuable to household skills such as cooking, cleaning and housework. In more modern times, women gradually received more rights to pursue careers men would stereotypically take over. Pursuing â€Å"manly† careers, which include lawyers, actors, politicians and anything that requires exceeding cognitive function, as a woman elicits criticism. It’s clear to see women have much more limitations, restrictions and expectations thanShow MoreRelatedFeminism and the Sociology Theories behind It1190 Words   |  5 Pagessociological theory that analyzes the roles that women and men play in society. Feminism can be defined as the belief of unequal r ights between men and women. Women are not always treated equally and this sparks many concerns in our society. There are 2 different theories that will be focused on in this paper, gender-inequality theory and gender oppression. The differences between these two still lead up to the way women are treated in a community or the way men have acted towards them throughout historyRead MoreThe Second Sex By Simone De Beauvoir Analysis1619 Words   |  7 Pagesideologies, and movements toward advocating for sex and gender equality for women. There has been a sense of inequality between men and women dating back to the beginning of time and it is still prevalent in society today. Women are constantly being treated unequally, whether it is unequal pay for women in the workforce, violence such as rape against women, or women constantly being sexualized. Along with the mistreatment, women are also wrongly categorized. This had lead many philosophers and writersRead MoreGender Inequality8 63 Words   |  4 Pagesfound are in the family and in the workplace. Gender inequality, in my definition, is the unequal and biased treatment between the two sexes. I strongly believe that the unequal treatment of women is something that should have stayed in original times. We are in the present now and we are far more advanced than we ever were and yet we are old school in our thinking of how men and women should be treated. I can strongly identify with gender inequality because many of my closest friends have facedRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1263 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout hundreds of years, women have experienced inequalities by society and by the law. Mostly, women were treated differently from men. The women in America during the late 1800’s were treated unequally to men because they couldn’t vote, they had no job opportunities, and they were controlled in marriage. In the beginning, only men had the privilege to vote on any law that they desired which is a reason why women were treated unequally to men. Unlike women who didn’t have the birthrightRead MoreComparison Of Aristotle And Galen s Theory Of Gender Inequality882 Words   |  4 Pagesinequality means unequal treatment and understanding based on their gender, or biological differences. The biological differences between man and women is that men born differently that women, and men have different sexual organs than women. Gender inequality includes treated women roughly, and have a picture that females are minimum that males. There are concepts in seventeenth century, Aristotle and Galen made many theory about gender. Aristotle’s theories described women are deformed men, and they areRead MoreFInal Paper1429 Words   |  6 Pagesconformed our minds to view gender based on one’s role in society. This labels the person as a man or a woman and then classifies them based on the â€Å"roles† that society has assigned for each. Gender inequality is caused by the unequal perceptions or even the way someone is treated, based on them being a man or woman. It tends to be the result of what is seen as socially constructed differences of the typical gender roles. This is a social problem I find compelling due to the impact it has on societyRead MoreWomen and Gender Studies: the Yellow Wallpaper1032 Words   |  5 Pageslimits placed on women that prevent them from living complete lives. This demeans women and does not give them the same rights and privileges as men. The Yellow Wallpaper demonst rates the attitudes during the nineteenth century that concern female mental and psychical health. Whereas A Room of One’s Own explores whether women are capable of writing great literature and the obstacles that they are faced. Each story demonstrates an common idea that women are viewed as unequal to men and that they mustRead MoreGender Inequality Is The Unequal Treatment Of Someone Based Off Their Gender961 Words   |  4 Pagesinequality is the unequal treatment of someone based off their gender rather than their varying skills, abilities, and characteristics. In our society gender equality can be hard to notice sometimes but in other cases it is very obvious such as pay scale for jobs. Many efforts have been taken in the past to get rid of this unequal gap between genders especially in the modern workplace. It is difficulty for many of us to think about gender inequality especially considering how many women are in positionsRead MoreGender Inequality815 Words   |   4 Pagesof gender inequality stems from the vast issue of unequal pay between men and women. According to Excite Education, â€Å"Gender inequality is a form of sex discrimination which results in a particular individual being treated disadvantageously because of their gender.† (Excite, 2001) In the workplace, women have been treated differently when it comes to their roles and their pay. In a recent article by The New Times, actress Emma Stone discusses how her â€Å"Male co-stars have cut their own salaries toRead MoreGender Inequality : Women And Women1242 Words   |  5 Pagesathlete world is gender inequality, women are not shown equal as men. They are discriminated in many ways such as pay, employment opportunities, value of women s sport, media coverage etc. Despite the federal law passed called Title IX that â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discriminatio n. there is still gender inequality women are considered less than men. No matter what happens people will

Tourist destination of Sydney-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Tourist Destination of Sydney. Answer: Background of Sydney Opera House The Sydney opera house is considered as the Multi Avenue performing art centre. It is the one of the wonder of the world. It is the tourist destination which is most recognizable building in Australia. It is the icon of the creative and technical achievement of Australia. The main location of it is on Bennelong point which is having excellent harbour setting. It took more than 16 years to build. Australian tourist destination has been categorized into two areas international tourism and domestic tourism. The famous Australian tourist destination includes the cities of coastal which is situated in Sydney and Melbourne. Swot analysis of Sydney Opera House Strength of Sydney Opera house Well known place: Opera is well known tourist attraction place in Australia due to its theatrical art forms and along with that it has deeply emotional theater experience. It is the place which motivates so many people to develop impressive international career (Armstrong, Adam, Denize, Kotler, 2014). Major companies: opera has so many companies in which four are major. Along with that it has three state companies involving the state of Perth, Brisbane and Adelaide. Training and performance opportunities: All the major companies of opera are providing the opportunities to young generations singer. The facilities of tertiary training also exist is all major music conservatoriums nationally. Tourist attraction place: it is the place where most of tourist wants to visit. It is attractive tourist place in all over the world. it produces more than 7 million tourist visiting. Revenue generation: due to opera house, revenue of Australia is generated in huge manner. It is the strength point for Australia. It is valued by the citizen of Australia. Weaknesses of Sydney opera house Lack of hotels: it is the most attractive place and so many tourists come from different place even out of country, so it is necessary to have the hotels nearby Sydney opera house. Dependency: it is the place which is dependent on the seasonal changes during the year. The ticket of opera house is very high which is not possible for everyone to afford. Inadequate backstage facilities: it has been observed that the backstage facilities are not good and the pit of orchestra is cramped. The stage of opera house is not able to produce a quality sound of orchestra (Grnroos Gummerus, 2014). Lack of advertising: Sydney opera house is the leading place in all over the world. Still, it has some issues regarding advertising. Opportunity of Sydney opera house: Initiate the plan of workshop: opera house can do work on workshop. It will be the opportunity for opera house to introduce itself by showing its quality in all over the world. It will enhance the interest of people towards dance and drama and enhance the number of visitors (Pike Page, 2014). Cultural tourism: promotion of the art is considered as the contribution of cultural tourism to economy. Public education: it will be the opportunity to the Opera house to aware about the facts of opera house; it will reduce the adverse impact of people on opera house. Threats of opera Sydney house Lack of training: opera house is known by its theater and arts. Due to lack of training, artist would not perform in well manner. Lack of opportunities: lack of opportunities for new artist to work in opera will reduce the impact of opera house. Target profile The market segmentation of Sydney opera house is basis on geographical, demographic, behavioral and psychographic. Sydney opera house is attractive place in all over the world. In the order of geographical, it attracts number of people from all over the world (Li, Wong, Kim, 2017). Demographic is the important element for market segmentation of Sydney opera house because it covers income, gender, family size, income and education. Opera house has distinguished its target as per level of tourist. it is the place which values those person who are able to perform theatrical or art. Opera house can divide its market segmentation on the basis of occasion, benefits, loyalty status and the attitude towards destination place References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Ghorbani, A., Raufirad, V., Rafiaani, P., Azadi, H. (2015). Ecotourism sustainable development strategies using SWOT and QSPM model: A case study of Kaji Namakzar Wetland, South Khorasan Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 290-297. Grnroos, C., Gummerus, J. (2014). The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic. Managing service quality, 24(3), 206-229. Li, J., Wong, I. A., Kim, W. G. (2017). Re-segmenting a gaming destination market: A fresh look at Mainland Chinese tourists in Macau. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 23(3), 205-216. Pike, S., Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism management, 41, 202-227.

Saving Sourdi free essay sample

The one thing that all people have in common when trying to reach whatever goals they may have in their lives is motivation. There are different types of motivation, but it is a needed element in order to reach a goal. The goal may be conscious or unconscious but in the end it remains the same, motivation is needed. Nea is driven in much of her life by the goal to save her older sister, Sourdi. She tried time after time to save her. Sourdi did not normally need saving though. Sourdi did not saving from the drunk man who was hitting on her. Nor did Sourdi need saving when her boyfriend, Duke, took her to the field and Nea thought she was panicking. Again, Sourdi did not need saving when she married a much older man, moved away, and started a family of her own. Nea was wrong when she thought her new husband was abusing her. We will write a custom essay sample on Saving Sourdi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nea was simply trying to keep things the same and to always have Sourdi remain with her. In the story, â€Å"Saving Sourdi†, Sourdi and Nea have always looked out for each other. Since their mother was a single mom in a new country, she couldn’t be there for them as much as she should have been at times. Both girls were brought to a new country at a young age and dreamed of a life in America that was better than what they had. Nea and Sourdi’s ma had a goal to give them a better life. Her motivation was her girls. The first time Nea tried to protect her sister was by stabbing a man who was drunk. She thought that Sourdi was in trouble and instead of getting an adult, she tried to become the adult. She became almost furious when her sister or her mom did not back her up in this decision. â€Å"I couldn’t believe it. I wanted to take the knife back and stab myself. † (Chai) Nea wanted Sourdi and Ma’s approval for the decisions she made in life. Nea wants to live in the â€Å"perfect† America and not live by the culture in which she was raised. She feels that this will only further tear her and her sister apart. She still wants to be the same little girls that were always there for each other. Nea tries to help her sister again by saving her from her new husband, who Nea wrongly believes is abusing Sourdi. Nea misunderstands phone calls that are way above her child-like mind. Instead of minding her own business, which she should have done, she tries yet again to save Sourdi. With the help of Duke, she sets out on a road trip mile away, only to find that everything is fine. Nea regresses back to the beginning of the story and feels the same way, like Sourdi isn’t backing her up. Nea simply wanted to save Sourdi from every conflict in her life. She recalls in the story of a time when Sourdi carried her on her back through a minefield. Nea ended the story with â€Å"I would walk on bones for my sister, I vowed. I would put my bare feet on rotting flesh. I would save Sourdi† (Chai). Nea wanted to be the savior. Nea’s motivation for much of the story is driven by her personality. Her goals in much of the story don’t seem to be conscious to her. E. A. Locke and G. P. Latham both take the stand that human action is directed by conscious goals and intentions, although not all human action is under fully conscious control (Pervin 163). Nea’s goal to save Sourdi is largely an unconscious one. She does not realize she is trying so hard to remain a child and keep Sourdi with her. She simply wants to do the right thing. Her motivation, or driving force, is for things to stay the same. She doesn’t want to grow up and face life. Nea sees, unconsciously, what her ma has went through and that Sourdi is taking the same path. She wants to save Sourdi from those mistakes and in turn give them both a better life. Nea is sometimes in her life motivated by behavior that is driven by the pursuit of goals (Negra). Even though her goals aren’t written down, they are still there- to save Sourdi no matter what it takes. Her goal first come in to play in the beginning when she attempts to help Sourdi with the drunken man. Again her goal is the same when she and Duke are in the field. And lastly, her goal is there when she travels overnight to rescue Sourdi from her husband, who Sourdi actually loves and is happy with. Nea motivation is her life is intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is within the person (Latham). Nea simply wants control of her life. She doesn’t want to grow up and want things to always be the same. Nea wants that choice in her life. She stabs the man who is drunk because she felt she was losing control of the situation. She tries to save her sister in the end because she didn’t want things to change for fear of losing control. Nea is very committed to her goal of trying to keep things the same. A goal is not a goal if the person is not committed (Pervin).

reconstruction Essays (985 words) - Reconstruction Era,

History Essay ?the north won the civil war, but the south won Reconstruction? This statement has been wryly observed, to interpret this you need to know the background of these two different parts. During the civil war(1861-1865), the north and the south grew in different directions and ways. They both had some advantages, the north was the center of manufacturing and wealth.In the south, manufacturing was not that big, the south did not have many skilled workers. Most of the people were not educated and were farmers, who worked on a field. The south got their money by trading with other countries, with materials they got from their plantations,, for example cotton etc. The north produced the main part of the countries wealth and had bigger army than the south, including black soldiers. The north was better prepared for the whole war, they had better equipment and supplies. The south had the better generals for example Robert E. Lee and Thomas Jackson. In 1863, Lincoln declared all slaves to be free. With a lot of support of the freed African American slaves who joined the union, and now had a way bigger army the the confederacy. Many battles were going on in both parts of the country. The main battles were the battle of Gettysburg, where commander Robert E. Lee turned back with heavy casualties, another won was the battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi where the union gained control of the Mississippi River.The union was also able to capitalize their advantages against the south, in men and material. The Confederates mainly gave up, they ended resistance on April 9, 1865. The war ended in slavery. After the civil war people were struggling with rebuilding their houses and their lives. The president and Congress tried to figure out how to rebuilt the nation. They had to handle with the difficulties of reconstruction. Beneath other parts they had to decide how the confederate states were able to rejoin the union. They mainly tried to reorganize the south and to define their laws, what means that they need to figure out how Blacks and whites live together in a non-slave society. Blacks should be treated as equals and under he same law as whites. Lincoln had a plan for reuniting the country in the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction. The republics were against Lincolns plan. In Congress they were known as the radical republics, they did not want to reunite with the south. The main goal of the republicans was that they wanted the federal government to help African Americans, so that they are able to vote. They also knew that if African Americans are able to vote that most of them will vote for the republicans. In the summer of 1864 the moderates and the republicans came up with a plan for reconstruction, The Wade-Davis Bill. The Bill says that that any adult white men in a confederate state that he should take an oath of allegiance to the union. So the state could now create a new and better government. The congress passed the Wade ? Davis bill, But Lincoln blocked it with a pocket veto. Lincoln realized that a harsh plan of reconstruction would just bring more chaos in the south. After the war the economy in the south collapsed and a lot of people were unemployed. In 1865 congress established a welfare agency known as Freedmen?s Bureau. The Bureau persued a range of programs in an effort to obtain jobs and provide education as well as basic health services. The Bureau is able to set up 4,000 schools and 100 hospitals and to provide housing and food. Lincoln gave on April 15, 1865 the problem of reconstruction in the hands of the new President, Andrew Johnson. He wants the southern states to be free from federal invention. Johnson?s plan was to carry out a policy, which was almost the same to Lincoln?s . The southern states followed Johnson plans for reconstruction. None of the state made any effort, to allow the slaves to vote, and later on Congress recognized that there was an unwillingness to accept Johnson?s plan. This was the beginning of the congressional reconstruction of the south. In 1866, the Radicals, who had a

Free Essays on Us History Of Internet

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their propounding of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery's westward expansion that took form in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet these two expressions of hostility to slavery- abolitionism and Free-Soilism- were often closely related not only in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to regard the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation.Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufac turing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights. By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of "immediate emancipation."In early 1831, Garrison, in Boston, began publishing his famous newspaper, the Liberator, supported largely by free African-Americans, who always played a major role in the movement. In Dec... Free Essays on Us History Of Internet Free Essays on Us History Of Internet ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT From the 1830s until 1870, the abolitionist movement attempted to achieve immediate emancipation of all slaves and the ending of racial segregation and discrimination. Their propounding of these goals distinguished abolitionists from the broad-based political opposition to slavery's westward expansion that took form in the North after 1840 and raised issues leading to the Civil War. Yet these two expressions of hostility to slavery- abolitionism and Free-Soilism- were often closely related not only in their beliefs and their interaction but also in the minds of southern slaveholders who finally came to regard the North as united against them in favor of black emancipation.Although abolitionist feelings had been strong during the American Revolution and in the Upper South during the 1820s, the abolitionist movement did not coalesce into a militant crusade until the 1830s. In the previous decade, as much of the North underwent the social disruption associated with the spread of manufac turing and commerce, powerful evangelical religious movements arose to impart spiritual direction to society. By stressing the moral imperative to end sinful practices and each person's responsibility to uphold God's will in society, preachers like Lyman Beecher, Nathaniel Taylor, and Charles G. Finney in what came to be called the Second Great Awakening led massive religious revivals in the 1820s that gave a major impetus to the later emergence of abolitionism as well as to such other reforming crusades as temperance, pacifism, and women's rights. By the early 1830s, Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., all spiritually nourished by revivalism, had taken up the cause of "immediate emancipation."In early 1831, Garrison, in Boston, began publishing his famous newspaper, the Liberator, supported largely by free African-Americans, who always played a major role in the movement. In Dec...

Branded Identities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Branded Identities - Essay Example Similarly, the identities of brands, being closely linked with consumer behaviour, also have different value and impact over consumers' choice. Consumerism: Concept of consumerism has gone through various chronological advances. Traditional consumer models believed consumers are not effected by any influences but by their own brain's instinct and external factors like family, friends, choices cannot influence their buying decisions. This theory could not survive longer as it was limited in conception and did not fulfil the needs of various analyses. Traditional theory considered consumers as information processors who are not affected by any choices and alternatives available. On contrary it also describes that companies can dominate the mind of customers and customer don't bother about available or missing information. (Simon, 1955, Q. J. of Econ.) "The existence of underlying preferences is a vital scientific question for economists. If the answer is affirmative, then the evidence from cognitive psychology implies only that economists must look through the smoke screen of rules to discern deeper preferences that are needed to value economic policies. This is a difficult task but not an impossible one. If the answer is negative, then economists need to seek a foundation for policy analysis that does not require that the concept of 'the greatest good for the greatest number' be meaningful. I am guardedly optimistic that the question has an affirmative answer." (McFadden, D. 2000. p. 345-346). Consumerism & Psychology: Similarly, consumerism and psychological aspects are also attached together. Various theories are presented to establish a strong link between these two. Weber's ([1904] 1998) "iron cage" is also the depiction of psychological trap of consumers. Furthermore, Psychologist Barry Schwartz (1994), also is of the opinion that external and demographic factors psychological influence a person's buying behaviour. Barry Schwartz believes that companies offer incentives and psychological benefits to customers which are in real life very much meaningful for the consumers and consumers has a sense of achievement by having these benefits with them."By embracing the "freedom" of the marketplace in all aspects of our lives, we find that many of the things we value most deeply-meaningful, satisfying work; intimate, compassionate friends, family and community; real education; significant spiritual and ethical commitment; political involvement; and even, ultimately, material well-being-are increasingly difficult to achieve." (P. 10) Consumerism and its Historical, Social and Economic Impact: Cognitive psychologists believe that culture is manifest in peoples mind. (DiMaggio 1997, p.272; Cf. Shore 1996). They also believe that historical aspect and social background, and consumers' experiences play a vital role to develop their self-concept and identity. Different consumers behave differently because of their difference in socio-cultural background, behavior and economic perspective. 'Iron cage', is in fact, 'mental cage' that is influenced by various culturally framed mental fields.(Zerubavl 1991). Further